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FULL GUIDE TO FACADE INSULATION

Facade insulation is an important process that improves building energy efficiency, increases indoor comfort, and extends wall service life. The main facade insulation materials are foam plastic and mineral wool. This guide covers all insulation stages, from material selection to installation and finishing.

MAIN BENEFITS OF FACADE INSULATION

Reduced heat loss in winter and protection from overheating in summer
Savings on heating and air conditioning costs
Facade protection from condensation, mold, and damage
Sound insulation reduced external noise
Extended wall service life reduced temperature deformation
Improved building appearance

TYPES OF INSULATION MATERIALS

Пенопласт для утепления стен снаружи — EPS/XPS

Foam plastic (expanded and extruded)

Foam plastic is a light and affordable material with good thermal insulation properties.
Types of foam plastic:
Expanded foam plastic the most common and affordable option for facade insulation
Standard thickness 10 cm

Extruded foam plastic (XPS, EPS) higher density
Suitable for plinths, floors, and insulation below ground level

Comparison:

Feature

Expanded foam plastic

Extruded foam plastic

Density

lower
higher

Moisture resistance

medium
high

Strength

lower
higher

Price

lower
higher
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Mineral wool

Mineral wool is a fibrous material with high sound insulation and vapor permeability.

Advantages:

Good sound insulation
Non combustible and resistant to high temperatures
Allows vapor to pass and prevents condensation

Mineral wool installation specifics:

!

Before applying glue, mineral wool must be impregnated with liquid glue solution for better adhesion

!

Special dowels with mechanical pins are used for fixing

SURFACE PREPARATION

Before installing insulation, the wall base must be carefully prepared.

Surface cleaning:

  1. Remove loose areas
  2. Wash walls if there is dust
  3. Prime walls if they are soft or crumbly

Wall leveling:

If the wall has significant irregularities, a leveling plaster layer can be applied (optional).

REQUIRED TOOLS

Mixer for glue preparation
Trowel (trowel, spatula) for applying mortar
Wide spatulas (45 to 60 cm) for working with glue
Level and plumb line for flatness control
String and fishing line for plane alignment
Hammer drill for drilling fixing holes
Metal scissors for cutting reinforcement mesh and guides
Utility knife or construction knife for cutting insulation
Protective film and reinforced tape for window and door protection

INSULATION INSTALLATION

There are two classic methods for fixing insulation.
Comb method (continuous layer):
  • Used on perfectly flat walls
  • Glue is applied over the entire surface using a notched spatula
  • Insulation boards are pressed to the wall and aligned
Spot method (point fixing):
  • Used for uneven walls
  • Glue is applied in spots 6 points per board
  • Minimum glue coverage at least 60 percent of board area
Important:
  • Foam plastic is installed in a staggered pattern
  • After fixing insulation, joints are filled with монтажная foam
  • For mineral wool, glue application areas must be pre treated with liquid solution

DOWEL FIXING

After the glue dries, insulation is additionally fixed with dowels.
Insulation thickness
Dowel length
10 cm
160 to 180 mm
15 cm
200 to 220 mm
Dowel placement:
At board corners
1 to 2 dowels in the center

REINFORCEMENT AND FINISHING

After fixing the insulation, the reinforcement process begins.

  1. Glue and mesh application:

  • First a thin glue layer is applied
  • Reinforcement mesh is pressed into the glue
  • Mesh must not be applied on dry insulation it must be embedded into wet glue

2. Additional leveling:

  • Some installers additionally level the wall using guide marks
  • Two methods are used
  • Thin glue layer
  • Full wall leveling

3. Priming:

Required before finishing

4. Finishing:

  • Decorative plaster can be applied
  • Flexible stone requires tile glue

COMMON MISTAKES

Incorrect glue application
→
can cause insulation detachment
Applying mesh on dry foam plastic
→
reduces adhesion and causes cracks
Missing dowels
→
insulation may detach from the wall

FOAM PLASTIC GRADES FOR INSULATION

Most commonly used foam plastic:
EPS 80
(density 25 kg per m3)
Other grades:
EPS 15 too soft, not suitable for facades
EPS 30 stronger but more expensive

CONCLUSION

High quality facade insulation is the key to comfort, durability, and energy efficiency of the house. Proper installation technology, use of quality materials, and a professional approach ensure reliable thermal insulation for many years.
Foam plastic best option for budget insulation
Mineral wool preferred when vapor permeability and sound insulation are required
Flexible stone an excellent solution for decorative finishing of an insulated facade